/*
Copyright (c) 2011 Juan Mellado

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
*/

/*
References:
- "OpenCV: Open Computer Vision Library"
  http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/
- "Stack Blur: Fast But Goodlooking"
  http://incubator.quasimondo.com/processing/fast_blur_deluxe.php
*/

var CV = CV || {};

CV.Image = function(width, height, data){
  this.width = width || 0;
  this.height = height || 0;
  this.data = data || [];
};

CV.grayscale = function(imageSrc, imageDst){
  var src = imageSrc.data, dst = imageDst.data, len = src.length,
      i = 0, j = 0;

  for (; i < len; i += 4){
    dst[j ++] =
      (src[i] * 0.299 + src[i + 1] * 0.587 + src[i + 2] * 0.114 + 0.5) & 0xff;
  }
  
  imageDst.width = imageSrc.width;
  imageDst.height = imageSrc.height;
  
  return imageDst;
};

CV.threshold = function(imageSrc, imageDst, threshold){
  var src = imageSrc.data, dst = imageDst.data,
      len = src.length, tab = [], i;

  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++ i){
    tab[i] = i <= threshold? 0: 255;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < len; ++ i){
    dst[i] = tab[ src[i] ];
  }

  imageDst.width = imageSrc.width;
  imageDst.height = imageSrc.height;

  return imageDst;
};

CV.adaptiveThreshold = function(imageSrc, imageDst, kernelSize, threshold){
  var src = imageSrc.data, dst = imageDst.data, len = src.length, tab = [], i;

  CV.stackBoxBlur(imageSrc, imageDst, kernelSize);

  for (i = 0; i < 768; ++ i){
    tab[i] = (i - 255 <= -threshold)? 255: 0;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < len; ++ i){
    dst[i] = tab[ src[i] - dst[i] + 255 ];
  }

  imageDst.width = imageSrc.width;
  imageDst.height = imageSrc.height;
  
  return imageDst;
};

CV.otsu = function(imageSrc){
  var src = imageSrc.data, len = src.length, hist = [],
      threshold = 0, sum = 0, sumB = 0, wB = 0, wF = 0, max = 0,
      mu, between, i;

  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++ i){
    hist[i] = 0;
  }
  
  for (i = 0; i < len; ++ i){
    hist[ src[i] ] ++;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++ i){
    sum += hist[i] * i;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++ i){
    wB += hist[i];
    if (0 !== wB){
    
      wF = len - wB;
      if (0 === wF){
        break;
      }

      sumB += hist[i] * i;
      
      mu = (sumB / wB) - ( (sum - sumB) / wF );

      between = wB * wF * mu * mu;
      
      if (between > max){
        max = between;
        threshold = i;
      }
    }
  }

  return threshold;
};

CV.stackBoxBlurMult =
  [1, 171, 205, 293, 57, 373, 79, 137, 241, 27, 391, 357, 41, 19, 283, 265];

CV.stackBoxBlurShift =
  [0, 9, 10, 11, 9, 12, 10, 11, 12, 9, 13, 13, 10, 9, 13, 13];

CV.BlurStack = function(){
  this.color = 0;
  this.next = null;
};

CV.stackBoxBlur = function(imageSrc, imageDst, kernelSize){
  var src = imageSrc.data, dst = imageDst.data,
      height = imageSrc.height, width = imageSrc.width,
      heightMinus1 = height - 1, widthMinus1 = width - 1,
      size = kernelSize + kernelSize + 1, radius = kernelSize + 1,
      mult = CV.stackBoxBlurMult[kernelSize],
      shift = CV.stackBoxBlurShift[kernelSize],
      stack, stackStart, color, sum, pos, start, p, x, y, i;

  stack = stackStart = new CV.BlurStack();
  for (i = 1; i < size; ++ i){
    stack = stack.next = new CV.BlurStack();
  }
  stack.next = stackStart;

  pos = 0;

  for (y = 0; y < height; ++ y){
    start = pos;
    
    color = src[pos];
    sum = radius * color;
    
    stack = stackStart;
    for (i = 0; i < radius; ++ i){
      stack.color = color;
      stack = stack.next;
    }
    for (i = 1; i < radius; ++ i){
      stack.color = src[pos + i];
      sum += stack.color;
      stack = stack.next;
    }
  
    stack = stackStart;
    for (x = 0; x < width; ++ x){
      dst[pos ++] = (sum * mult) >>> shift;
      
      p = x + radius;
      p = start + (p < widthMinus1? p: widthMinus1);
      sum -= stack.color - src[p];
      
      stack.color = src[p];
      stack = stack.next;
    }
  }

  for (x = 0; x < width; ++ x){
    pos = x;
    start = pos + width;
    
    color = dst[pos];
    sum = radius * color;
    
    stack = stackStart;
    for (i = 0; i < radius; ++ i){
      stack.color = color;
      stack = stack.next;
    }
    for (i = 1; i < radius; ++ i){
      stack.color = dst[start];
      sum += stack.color;
      stack = stack.next;
      
      start += width;
    }
    
    stack = stackStart;
    for (y = 0; y < height; ++ y){
      dst[pos] = (sum * mult) >>> shift;
      
      p = y + radius;
      p = x + ( (p < heightMinus1? p: heightMinus1) * width );
      sum -= stack.color - dst[p];
      
      stack.color = dst[p];
      stack = stack.next;
      
      pos += width;
    }
  }

  return imageDst;
};

CV.gaussianBlur = function(imageSrc, imageDst, imageMean, kernelSize){
  var kernel = CV.gaussianKernel(kernelSize);

  imageDst.width = imageSrc.width;
  imageDst.height = imageSrc.height;
  
  imageMean.width = imageSrc.width;
  imageMean.height = imageSrc.height;

  CV.gaussianBlurFilter(imageSrc, imageMean, kernel, true);
  CV.gaussianBlurFilter(imageMean, imageDst, kernel, false);

  return imageDst;
};

CV.gaussianBlurFilter = function(imageSrc, imageDst, kernel, horizontal){
  var src = imageSrc.data, dst = imageDst.data,
      height = imageSrc.height, width = imageSrc.width,
      pos = 0, limit = kernel.length >> 1,
      cur, value, i, j, k;
      
  for (i = 0; i < height; ++ i){
    
    for (j = 0; j < width; ++ j){
      value = 0.0;
    
      for (k = -limit; k <= limit; ++ k){

        if (horizontal){
          cur = pos + k;
          if (j + k < 0){
            cur = pos;
          }
          else if (j + k >= width){
            cur = pos;
          }
        }else{
          cur = pos + (k * width);
          if (i + k < 0){
            cur = pos;
          }
          else if (i + k >= height){
            cur = pos;
          }
        }

        value += kernel[limit + k] * src[cur];
      }
    
      dst[pos ++] = horizontal? value: (value + 0.5) & 0xff;
    }
  }

  return imageDst;
};

CV.gaussianKernel = function(kernelSize){
  var tab =
    [ [1],
      [0.25, 0.5, 0.25],
      [0.0625, 0.25, 0.375, 0.25, 0.0625],
      [0.03125, 0.109375, 0.21875, 0.28125, 0.21875, 0.109375, 0.03125] ],
    kernel = [], center, sigma, scale2X, sum, x, i;

  if ( (kernelSize <= 7) && (kernelSize % 2 === 1) ){
    kernel = tab[kernelSize >> 1];
  }else{
    center = (kernelSize - 1.0) * 0.5;
    sigma = 0.8 + (0.3 * (center - 1.0) );
    scale2X = -0.5 / (sigma * sigma);
    sum = 0.0;
    for (i = 0; i < kernelSize; ++ i){
      x = i - center;
      sum += kernel[i] = Math.exp(scale2X * x * x);
    }
    sum = 1 / sum;
    for (i = 0; i < kernelSize; ++ i){
      kernel[i] *= sum;
    }  
  }

  return kernel;
};

CV.findContours = function(imageSrc, binary){
  var width = imageSrc.width, height = imageSrc.height, contours = [],
      src, deltas, pos, pix, nbd, outer, hole, i, j;
  
  src = CV.binaryBorder(imageSrc, binary);

  deltas = CV.neighborhoodDeltas(width + 2);

  pos = width + 3;
  nbd = 1;

  for (i = 0; i < height; ++ i, pos += 2){
  
    for (j = 0; j < width; ++ j, ++ pos){
      pix = src[pos];

      if (0 !== pix){
        outer = hole = false;

        if (1 === pix && 0 === src[pos - 1]){
          outer = true;
        }
        else if (pix >= 1 && 0 === src[pos + 1]){
          hole = true;
        }

        if (outer || hole){
          ++ nbd;
          
          contours.push( CV.borderFollowing(src, pos, nbd, {x: j, y: i}, hole, deltas) );
        }
      }
    }
  }  

  return contours;
};

CV.borderFollowing = function(src, pos, nbd, point, hole, deltas){
  var contour = [], pos1, pos3, pos4, s, s_end, s_prev;

  contour.hole = hole;
      
  s = s_end = hole? 0: 4;
  do{
    s = (s - 1) & 7;
    pos1 = pos + deltas[s];
    if (src[pos1] !== 0){
      break;
    }
  }while(s !== s_end);
  
  if (s === s_end){
    src[pos] = -nbd;
    contour.push( {x: point.x, y: point.y} );

  }else{
    pos3 = pos;
    s_prev = s ^ 4;

    while(true){
      s_end = s;
    
      do{
        pos4 = pos3 + deltas[++ s];
      }while(src[pos4] === 0);
      
      s &= 7;
      
      if ( ( (s - 1) >>> 0) < (s_end >>> 0) ){
        src[pos3] = -nbd;
      }
      else if (src[pos3] === 1){
        src[pos3] = nbd;
      }

      contour.push( {x: point.x, y: point.y} );
      
      s_prev = s;

      point.x += CV.neighborhood[s][0];
      point.y += CV.neighborhood[s][1];

      if ( (pos4 === pos) && (pos3 === pos1) ){
        break;
      }
      
      pos3 = pos4;
      s = (s + 4) & 7;
    }
  }

  return contour;
};

CV.neighborhood = 
  [ [1, 0], [1, -1], [0, -1], [-1, -1], [-1, 0], [-1, 1], [0, 1], [1, 1] ];

CV.neighborhoodDeltas = function(width){
  var deltas = [], len = CV.neighborhood.length, i = 0;
  
  for (; i < len; ++ i){
    deltas[i] = CV.neighborhood[i][0] + (CV.neighborhood[i][1] * width);
  }
  
  return deltas.concat(deltas);
};

CV.approxPolyDP = function(contour, epsilon){
  var slice = {start_index: 0, end_index: 0},
      right_slice = {start_index: 0, end_index: 0},
      poly = [], stack = [], len = contour.length,
      pt, start_pt, end_pt, dist, max_dist, le_eps,
      dx, dy, i, j, k;
  
  epsilon *= epsilon;
  
  k = 0;
  
  for (i = 0; i < 3; ++ i){
    max_dist = 0;
    
    k = (k + right_slice.start_index) % len;
    start_pt = contour[k];
    if (++ k === len) {k = 0;}
  
    for (j = 1; j < len; ++ j){
      pt = contour[k];
      if (++ k === len) {k = 0;}
    
      dx = pt.x - start_pt.x;
      dy = pt.y - start_pt.y;
      dist = dx * dx + dy * dy;

      if (dist > max_dist){
        max_dist = dist;
        right_slice.start_index = j;
      }
    }
  }

  if (max_dist <= epsilon){
    poly.push( {x: start_pt.x, y: start_pt.y} );

  }else{
    slice.start_index = k;
    slice.end_index = (right_slice.start_index += slice.start_index);
  
    right_slice.start_index -= right_slice.start_index >= len? len: 0;
    right_slice.end_index = slice.start_index;
    if (right_slice.end_index < right_slice.start_index){
      right_slice.end_index += len;
    }
    
    stack.push( {start_index: right_slice.start_index, end_index: right_slice.end_index} );
    stack.push( {start_index: slice.start_index, end_index: slice.end_index} );
  }

  while(stack.length !== 0){
    slice = stack.pop();
    
    end_pt = contour[slice.end_index % len];
    start_pt = contour[k = slice.start_index % len];
    if (++ k === len) {k = 0;}
    
    if (slice.end_index <= slice.start_index + 1){
      le_eps = true;
    
    }else{
      max_dist = 0;

      dx = end_pt.x - start_pt.x;
      dy = end_pt.y - start_pt.y;
      
      for (i = slice.start_index + 1; i < slice.end_index; ++ i){
        pt = contour[k];
        if (++ k === len) {k = 0;}
        
        dist = Math.abs( (pt.y - start_pt.y) * dx - (pt.x - start_pt.x) * dy);

        if (dist > max_dist){
          max_dist = dist;
          right_slice.start_index = i;
        }
      }
      
      le_eps = max_dist * max_dist <= epsilon * (dx * dx + dy * dy);
    }
    
    if (le_eps){
      poly.push( {x: start_pt.x, y: start_pt.y} );

    }else{
      right_slice.end_index = slice.end_index;
      slice.end_index = right_slice.start_index;

      stack.push( {start_index: right_slice.start_index, end_index: right_slice.end_index} );
      stack.push( {start_index: slice.start_index, end_index: slice.end_index} );
    }
  }
  
  return poly;
};

CV.warp = function(imageSrc, imageDst, contour, warpSize){
  var src = imageSrc.data, dst = imageDst.data,
      width = imageSrc.width, height = imageSrc.height,
      pos = 0,
      sx1, sx2, dx1, dx2, sy1, sy2, dy1, dy2, p1, p2, p3, p4,
      m, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, i, j;
  
  m = CV.getPerspectiveTransform(contour, warpSize - 1);

  r = m[8];
  s = m[2];
  t = m[5];
  
  for (i = 0; i < warpSize; ++ i){
    r += m[7];
    s += m[1];
    t += m[4];

    u = r;
    v = s;
    w = t;
    
    for (j = 0; j < warpSize; ++ j){
      u += m[6];
      v += m[0];
      w += m[3];

      x = v / u;
      y = w / u;

      sx1 = x >>> 0;
      sx2 = (sx1 === width - 1)? sx1: sx1 + 1;
      dx1 = x - sx1;
      dx2 = 1.0 - dx1;

      sy1 = y >>> 0;
      sy2 = (sy1 === height - 1)? sy1: sy1 + 1;
      dy1 = y - sy1;
      dy2 = 1.0 - dy1;

      p1 = p2 = sy1 * width;
      p3 = p4 = sy2 * width;

      dst[pos ++] = 
        (dy2 * (dx2 * src[p1 + sx1] + dx1 * src[p2 + sx2]) +
         dy1 * (dx2 * src[p3 + sx1] + dx1 * src[p4 + sx2]) ) & 0xff;

    }
  }

  imageDst.width = warpSize;
  imageDst.height = warpSize;

  return imageDst;
};

CV.getPerspectiveTransform = function(src, size){
  var rq = CV.square2quad(src);
  
  rq[0] /= size;
  rq[1] /= size;
  rq[3] /= size;
  rq[4] /= size;
  rq[6] /= size;
  rq[7] /= size;
  
  return rq;
};

CV.square2quad = function(src){
  var sq = [], px, py, dx1, dx2, dy1, dy2, den;
  
  px = src[0].x - src[1].x + src[2].x - src[3].x;
  py = src[0].y - src[1].y + src[2].y - src[3].y;
  
  if (0 === px && 0 === py){
    sq[0] = src[1].x - src[0].x;
    sq[1] = src[2].x - src[1].x;
    sq[2] = src[0].x;
    sq[3] = src[1].y - src[0].y;
    sq[4] = src[2].y - src[1].y;
    sq[5] = src[0].y;
    sq[6] = 0;
    sq[7] = 0;
    sq[8] = 1;

  }else{
    dx1 = src[1].x - src[2].x;
    dx2 = src[3].x - src[2].x;
    dy1 = src[1].y - src[2].y;
    dy2 = src[3].y - src[2].y;
    den = dx1 * dy2 - dx2 * dy1;
  
    sq[6] = (px * dy2 - dx2 * py) / den;
    sq[7] = (dx1 * py - px * dy1) / den;
    sq[8] = 1;
    sq[0] = src[1].x - src[0].x + sq[6] * src[1].x;
    sq[1] = src[3].x - src[0].x + sq[7] * src[3].x;
    sq[2] = src[0].x;
    sq[3] = src[1].y - src[0].y + sq[6] * src[1].y;
    sq[4] = src[3].y - src[0].y + sq[7] * src[3].y;
    sq[5] = src[0].y;
  }

  return sq;
};

CV.isContourConvex = function(contour){
  var orientation = 0, convex = true,
      len = contour.length, i = 0, j = 0,
      cur_pt, prev_pt, dxdy0, dydx0, dx0, dy0, dx, dy;

  prev_pt = contour[len - 1];
  cur_pt = contour[0];

  dx0 = cur_pt.x - prev_pt.x;
  dy0 = cur_pt.y - prev_pt.y;

  for (; i < len; ++ i){
    if (++ j === len) {j = 0;}

    prev_pt = cur_pt;
    cur_pt = contour[j];

    dx = cur_pt.x - prev_pt.x;
    dy = cur_pt.y - prev_pt.y;
    dxdy0 = dx * dy0;
    dydx0 = dy * dx0;

    orientation |= dydx0 > dxdy0? 1: (dydx0 < dxdy0? 2: 3);

    if (3 === orientation){
        convex = false;
        break;
    }

    dx0 = dx;
    dy0 = dy;
  }

  return convex;
};

CV.perimeter = function(poly){
  var len = poly.length, i = 0, j = len - 1,
      p = 0.0, dx, dy;

  for (; i < len; j = i ++){
    dx = poly[i].x - poly[j].x;
    dy = poly[i].y - poly[j].y;
    
    p += Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy) ;
  }

  return p;
};

CV.minEdgeLength = function(poly){
  var len = poly.length, i = 0, j = len - 1, 
      min = Infinity, d, dx, dy;

  for (; i < len; j = i ++){
    dx = poly[i].x - poly[j].x;
    dy = poly[i].y - poly[j].y;

    d = dx * dx + dy * dy;

    if (d < min){
      min = d;
    }
  }
  
  return Math.sqrt(min);
};

CV.countNonZero = function(imageSrc, square){
  var src = imageSrc.data, height = square.height, width = square.width,
      pos = square.x + (square.y * imageSrc.width),
      span = imageSrc.width - width,
      nz = 0, i, j;
  
  for (i = 0; i < height; ++ i){

    for (j = 0; j < width; ++ j){
    
      if ( 0 !== src[pos ++] ){
        ++ nz;
      }
    }
    
    pos += span;
  }

  return nz;
};

CV.binaryBorder = function(imageSrc, dst){
  var src = imageSrc.data, height = imageSrc.height, width = imageSrc.width,
      posSrc = 0, posDst = 0, i, j;

  for (j = -2; j < width; ++ j){
    dst[posDst ++] = 0;
  }

  for (i = 0; i < height; ++ i){
    dst[posDst ++] = 0;
    
    for (j = 0; j < width; ++ j){
      dst[posDst ++] = (0 === src[posSrc ++]? 0: 1);
    }
    
    dst[posDst ++] = 0;
  }

  for (j = -2; j < width; ++ j){
    dst[posDst ++] = 0;
  }
  
  return dst;
};
